Abstract

The development of wearable energy sto rage and harvesting devices is pivotal for advancing next-generation healthcare technologies, facilitating continuous and real-time health monitoring. Traditional wearable devices have been constricted by bulky and rigid batteries, limiting their practicality and comfort. However, recent advancements in materials science have enabled the creation of flexible, stretchable, and lightweight energy storage and harvesting solutions. The integration of energy storage and harvesting technologies is essential for developing self-sustaining systems that minimize reliance on external power sources and enhance device longevity. These integrated systems ensure the continuous operation of sensors and processors vital for real-time health monitoring. This review examines recent significant progress in wearable energy storage and harvesting, focusing on the latest advancements in wearable devices, solar cells, biofuel cells, triboelectric nanogenerators, magnetoelastic gene rators, supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries, and zinc-ion batteries. It also discusses key parameters crucial for their wearable applications, such as energy density, power density, and durability. Finally, the review addresses future challenges and prospects in this rapidly evolving field, underscoring the potential for developing innovative, self-powered wearable systems for healthcare

Highlights

• The latest advancements in energy storage and harvesting systems for wearable healthcare devices are discussed.

• Flexible supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries, solar cells, TENGs and other devices are systematically introduced.

• Factors influencing wearable energy devices including energy density, power density, and durability are analyzed.

• Future perspectives in wearable energy systems are explored, particularly emphasis on the role of AI and LLMs.

• Flexible and wearable energy storage and harvesting systems offer a promising path for healthcare applications.